Khamisy-Farah R, Fund E, Raibman-Spector S, Adawi M

AOD-9604 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Absorption & Distribution AOD-9604 exhibits unusual pharmacokinetic properties for a peptide, demonstrating activity via multiple administration routes in preclinical models: Oral bioavailability confirmed in pig and rodent studies, an uncommon characteristic for peptide compounds Rapid systemic distribution following intraperitoneal administration in mice (15-30 minutes) Following IV administration in pigs, AOD-9604 and degradation fragments appeared rapidly in plasma Oral administration showed slower kinetics but similar degradation product profiles Distribution studies using radiolabeled peptide (C-14-AOD9604) in rats revealed: Elevated concentrations in pineal body and thyroid tissues Distribution to all non-CNS tissues examined Minimal penetration of blood-brain barrier Tissue-specific accumulation patterns suggesting potential targeting mechanisms Metabolism & Elimination The metabolic fate of AOD-9604 involves rapid degradation through sequential N-terminal amino acid removal,: Plasma half-life of approximately 3 minutes following IV administration in pigs (compared to 21 minutes for full-length growth hormone) Sequential amino-terminal truncation represents the primary degradation pathway Principal metabolites identified in vivo include -2 amino acid and -3 amino acid fragments These truncated fragments retain some reduced in vitro anti-lipogenic activity A significant pharmacokinetic paradox exists: despite rapid plasma clearance (peptide undetectable at 56 minutes in spiked plasma studies), biological effects on body weight and fat metabolism persist for hours to days

S -acylation status of bile acid transporter hASBT regulates its function, metabolic stability, membrane expression, and phosphorylation state
No Phase 1 human safety trial has been completed for either form
Day 6 is more relaxed
This multi-level regulation keeps glutamate within its tight physiologic range. Excess causes excitotoxic neuronal death (as in stroke), while deficiency impairs learning and memory