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Both linkage studies and genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified candidate genes/genomic regions associated with nicotine dependence ( Genetic factors significantly influence both smoking initiation and persistence, a schematic of these influences are presented in Figure 1, these include genes associated with differences in nicotine's metabolic capacity and nicotine effects on central nervous system neurotransmitter functionality, specifically the dose that modulate direct and indirect effects on nAChR, dopaminergic and opioidergic activity, respectively

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Smoking is highly addictive

Barua RS, Ambrose JA, Srivastava S, DeVoe MC, Eales-Reynolds LJ

If people get exposed to exhaled smoke, they are likely to be affected by it

Understanding this evidence as it emerges will be a priority for us