l carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Gut microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine and cardiovascular risk γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate
Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Gut Microbiota Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy Frontiers
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