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8 Reduction or deletion of GGT1 expression does not impair GSH-mediated rescue of cells in cystine-free conditions

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CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors have no conflict of interest to declare

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However, notably, TMAO also exerts protective effects by activating the Nrf2 pathway, promoting Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 and nuclear translocation, thereby inducing antioxidant genes (HO-1, NQO1, CAT) to reduce ROS accumulation and restore antioxidant enzyme activityunderscoring Nrf2s dual regulatory role in oxidative stress (Zou et al., 2024)

However, chronic and long-term accumulation of SASP will promote tumor growth and metastasis