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doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582382 Received 24 February 2025 Accepted 29 July 2025 Published 13 October 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Francesca Montagnani, University of Siena, Italy Reviewed by Sanpreet Singh, University of Pittsburgh, United States Vahideh Tarhriz, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran Updates Copyright 2025 Zhu, Yuan, Li and Fu