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Prevalence of abnormal spermatozoa in tobacco chewing sub fertile males PMC Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable lifestyle factors affecting male fertility. Cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals that increase oxidative stress, leading to damage in sperm structure and DNA. Smoking has Smoking affects far more than lung health. It directly impacts sperm count, sperm quality, and overall reproductive function, often without obvious warning signs. The damage can be gradual but significant. Protect your Can Smoking Cause Infertility Facts You Should Know Does ZYN Affect Sperm? All About Nicotine Pouches & Fertility Nicotine as a female reproductive toxicantA review Bhardwaj 2025 Journal of Applied Toxicology Wiley Online Library
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