M.MansourB.AwanZ
Acetazolamide is the first-line of prophylaxis, FDA approved drug for AMS that works at the level of kidneys and causes bicarbonate diuresis and metabolic acidosis, promoting ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia 25
Infected macrophages vary in polarization (M1/M2), metabolism (glycolysis/fatty acid oxidation), and lineage (alveolar macrophages [AMs]/interstitial macrophages [IMs]), all of which influence treatment outcome
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on a Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to investigate the elemental composition and chemical states of the samples
Damage to mitochondrial DNA results in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment in the electron transport chain, and drives the immune and inflammatory responses (Liu and Chen, 2017), (Figure 3)
Additionally, cellular autophagy is vital in pulmonary diseases as evidenced by the observation that selenium inhibits intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by modulating macrophage autophagy-related pathways ( 3 Nanomaterials in inflammation and the mechanical microenvironment Nanomaterials show significant promise in modulating inflammatory responses and influencing the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment, offering novel strategies for respiratory disease treatment
