Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.4395L
So, at the very beginning, part of their goal was public health, but it was also a business opportunity and just an interesting design challenge for them
This is the usual workflow: Empty bottles enter the production line Filling machines dispense measured e-liquid volumes Capping machines secure closures Labeling machines apply branding and compliance labels Sleeving machines apply tamper-evident bands Shrink tunnels finalize sleeve application Integrated automation ensures smooth container movement while maintaining production efficiency

Epidemiological data also suggest that electronic cigarette users appear to be younger, more educated, with higher income, and a slight and variable prevalence of men and white people.14 Data from the BRFSS also showed that electronic cigarette use is a common habit, especially among younger adults, current cigarette smokers and people with comorbid conditions.9,10 There is an alarming uptrend in the use of electronic cigarettes among US high school students, with a prevalence ranging from 10 to 13% in 2016.15 In the most recent annual National Youth Tobacco Survey, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that the number of high school students using tobacco, including electronic cigarettes, increased by 38%, with most of the new smokers using electronic cigarettes
Policy Pressures: Tax hikes and market shifts favoured cheaper, smaller alternatives
The study identifies the rise of cbd-infused herbal cigarettes as one of the prime reasons driving the herbal cigarette market in the US growth during the next few years