The full list of authors of the report are: McNeill A, Brose LS, Calder R, Hitchman SC: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, National Addiction Centre, Kings College London and UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies Hajek P, McRobbie H (Chapters 9 and 10): Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary, University of London and UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies Implications of the evidence for policy and practice: Based on the findings of the evidence review PHE advises that: e-cigarettes have the potential to help smokers quit smoking, and the evidence indicates they carry a fraction of the risk of smoking cigarettes but are not risk free e-cigarettes potentially offer a wide reach, low-cost intervention to reduce smoking in more deprived groups in society where smoking is elevated, and we want to see this potential fully realised there is an opportunity for e-cigarettes to help tackle the high smoking rates among people with mental health problems, particularly in the context of creating smokefree mental health units the potential of e-cigarettes to help improve public health depends on the extent to which they can act as a route out of smoking for the countrys eight million tobacco users, without providing a route into smoking for children and non-smokers

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doi:10.7326/M15-0171