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Burning sage, especially white sage, is part of an ancient practice called smudging. Beyond spiritual traditions, scientific research has examined its effect on indoor air. A study published in the Journal of What smoking does to oral bacteria Health effects of smoking tobacco Wikipedia Analysis of the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Staphylococcal Virulence Phenotypes PMC Cigarette smoke exposure and alveolar macrophages: mechanisms for lung disease Thorax Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system Nature Reviews Immunology
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