penn state e cigarette dependence index E-cigarette use to reduce smoking may not increase nicotine The Nurse’s role in community
The Nurses role in community health promotion E cigarettes less addictive than cigarettes Penn State University The Roswell eND scale: Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence adults seeking to discontinue e cigarette use ScienceDirect An updated overview of e cigarette impact on human health Respiratory Research Springer Nature Link Full article: Disposable electronic cigarettes chemical composition and health effects of their use. A systematic review Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports
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