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The lipids of sperm are relatively unique because they contain many different sphingolipids, including sphingolipids with DHA, EPA, and AA (88), and changes in lipid composition affect membrane fluidity, impair membrane function, and may even lead to intracellular death and apoptosis (89)

Paradoxically, while ABA promotes the expression of specific PYL isoforms (e.g., PYL7/9/11/12/13 ), it suppresses others (e.g., PYR1/PYL1/2/4/6/8 ) (Zhao et al, 2020), a functional dichotomy mirrored in GA signaling where GA represses GID1a/b/c transcription, whereas GA biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., uniconazole) strongly induce their expression (Iuchi et al, 2007)

Observational human studies link higher TMAO levels with cardiovascular risk

Water flows through the filter media in the opposite direction, a process called a backflush

Lab Anim 49 (1 Suppl), 3036 (2015)

Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2015