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Biochemistry 48 , 51065120 (2009)

In most healthy cells, the mitochondrially-derived citrate is made by oxaloacetate (from pyruvate and/or aspartate) and acetyl-CoA, which was derived from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (thus, from pyruvate)

As a result, it may reduce hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone over time

Studies have also suggested that it may assist in reducing symptoms of mild-to-moderate anxiety and depression, as well as improve sleep quality

10.1016/j.jep.2019.112230 40 HendriksH.GeertsmaH

Mitochondrial dysfunction, as induced by neurotoxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and rotenone, augments oxidative stress in nigral neurons [16, 28]