1000 mcg b12 injection Vitamin for Cyanocobalamin 1,000 mcg, 25/Box (Rx) — Mountainside Medical Consult your veterinarian for the appropriate sizes CYANOCOBALAMIN INJECTION, USP 10,000mcg/10mL (1,000mcg/mL)

It is designed for use by qualified professionals conducting non-clinical studies, analytical testing, or experimental research

For use only by healthcare professionals trained in injection techniques

To increase absorption, we recommend chewing B12-only supplements and swallowing multivitamins whole

Normal vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) and body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 30 kg/m 2 Suboptimal vitamin B12 status (deficient to borderline 200300 pg/mL), defined as serum B12 levels within the lower end of the reference range (234894 pg/mL) Able to provide informed written consent Able to comply with study procedures and follow-up visits as outlined in the protocol 2.2.2 Exclusion criteria Known hypersensitivity or allergy to oral vitamin B12 supplements or any of its components Known history of cobalt allergy or sensitivity Severe malabsorption syndromes, including pernicious anemia or intestinal disorders affecting vitamin B12 absorption Current use of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), multivitamins, or nutritional supplements containing vitamin B12 History of gastric bypass surgery or other procedures that significantly alter GI anatomy or function Significant renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 0.05) Supplementary Table 1

Data were evaluated using FlowJo software (BD), assessing CFSE positivity in mCherry and CD14-positive macrophages

The best option can vary based on individual needs and health conditions