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This leads to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive ROS accumulation, increased oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and ultimately, neuronal apoptosis and death (20, 102)

Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) following the vendors instructions

Molecules 24 , 2631 (2019)

10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107269 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Wang N, Feng BN, Hu B, Cheng YL, Guo YH, Qian H (2022) Neuroprotection of chicoric acid in a mouse model of Parkinsons disease involves gut microbiota and TLR4 signaling pathway

The role of nutrition in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and in cerebral functions: Clinical implications

In practice, RUO applies to in vitro experiments, ex vivo tissue studies, and animal research conducted under IACUC protocols