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The development of DKD is closely linked to disturbances in glucose metabolism, which can lead to abnormal activation of mTORC1 and inhibition of autophagy, thereby exacerbating kidney damage (Zhao et al., 2024a)

HFD-induces GSH deficiency and epigenetically alters VD-biosynthesis pathway genes

mTORC1 phosphorylates TFEB, thereby inhibiting TFEB activity when nutrients are present

Therefore, further studies aiming to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy are required for the development of novel therapeutics

Any P value passing this significance (and correction) threshold is in bold text in the tables

Genes involved in neuronal plasticity and energy metabolism, such as SHANK1 , RICTOR , EIF4EBP1 , and PPARGC1A , also showed altered transcripts