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Antioxidants (2023) 12:1062

Recreational and Masters Athletes Most recreational athletes and masters competitors don't face testing

Cell viability testing In order to determine cytotoxic concentrations of used compounds within the exposure range, cell viability was examined using an MTS-based [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium] CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison, USA) in accordance with the manufacturers protocol

Additionally, thiols participate in the coordination of metal ions within proteins and metalloenzymes, influencing their catalytic activities and structural properties

The hydration plus the antioxidant effect can produce a fresher, brighter look

Noncoding RNAs, like microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), exert their function by interacting with the 3'-UTR (3' untranslated region) of target gene mRNA molecules to the modulation of gene expression [25]