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The accumulated Cu catalyzes intramitochondrial Fenton-like reactions, generating a burst of mtROS and amplifying oxidative stress

Since the chromogranins activate microglia in absence of AD-neuropathology, the immune environment of the frail brain should be studied further in future, to define differences that may underlie cognitive vulnerability 77,78

Even more intriguing is the notion that GGT-mediated hydrolysis of GSH can create a low level of ROS, due to generation of the more reactive thiol cysteinylglycine, which can reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron and trigger an iron redox cycling with production of ROS (Paolicchi et al., 2002)

[PubMed: 9472931] 7

92 Dandelion Root Dandelion root ( Taraxacum officinale ) has been shown to increase hepatic antioxidant activities, including catalase, GST, GPx, and GSH reductase

Emerging molecular basis of hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer