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Studies on the GHK sequence show its involvement in fibroblast activity and collagen-related processes in in vitro systems

For instance, hydrophobicity and amphipathicity, crucial for disrupting bacterial membranes, can also increase cytotoxicity (Wu et al., 2024)

These changes can affect mitochondrial dynamics, leading to reduced fusion and an increased tendency towards fission, resulting in smaller or fragmented mitochondria (Xu et al., 2016

2.4 Inflammation, Fibrosis, Autophagy, and Apoptosis Long-term repetitive inflammation irritation is an accomplice to the progression of NAFLD, further leading to sustained hepatic fibrogenesis and, ultimately, cirrhosis (Koyama and Brenner, 2017)

Naderpoor, N