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Yourick JJ, Faiman MD

10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597 30 KaiserS

When 100% of glucose is shunted into oxPPP but cells do not engage in net cycling, from every molecule of 1,2- 13 C glucose up to one labelled carbon is lost as 13 CO 2 and the reaction yields 5/3 pyruvate per glucose, resulting in the lower limit of average labelling enrichment in pyruvate of 0.6

Existen dos estados de glutatin: El tiol reducido (GSH), la forma ms predominante (98% del contenido total del glutatin) El oxidado por disulfuro (GSSG) La produccin de GSH se produce a travs de tres vas principales: Sntesis de novo mediante un proceso de 2 pasos catalizado por la glutamato cistena ligasa (GCL) y la glutatin sintetasa (GS), que est controlada principalmente por los niveles celulares de cistena

As the decrease in mitochondrial ATP levels implies functional mitochondrial deficits and mitochondria significantly contribute to cellular ROS production through oxidative phosphorylation, we measured total ROS levels

doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(86)90009-9 20 ReynoldsE