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PLoS ONE 11 , e0148189 (2016)

Propionyl-L-carnitine-(N-methyl-d3) chloride, also referred to as L-Propionylcarnitine-d3, or C3 Carnitine-d3, is a labeled with stable isotop in the N-methyl position ester of L-carnitine derivative

Published 2018 May 30

(PubMed) Uesugi S, Ishihara J, Iso H, et al

More specifically, the present invention relates to a process for preparing L-carnitine or acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride, comprising sequentially synthesizing racemic 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyronitrile of Formula 2 and racemic 4-chloro-3-hydroxy butyric acid alkyl ester of Formula 3 under specific reaction conditions, using racemic epichlorohydrin of Formula 1 as a starting material, preparing (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy butyric acid alkyl ester of Formula 4 from stereoselective hydrolysis of the racemic 4-chloro- 3 -hydroxy butyric acid alkyl ester in an aqueous solution using an enzyme, and preparing L-carnitine of Formula 6 or acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride of Formula 7 from the (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy Carnitine exists as two distinct isomers, i.e