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Cytosolic ROS produced by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in innate immune cells damage pathogens via lipid and DNA oxidation 37

These, along with pollution and other external elements such as stress, can cause premature ageing of the skin due to oxidative stress that usually manifests itself in visible signs such as wrinkles, dark spots, loss of firmness

However, in diseased states, or during infection, the amount of DNA released from a cell can overwhelm the capacity of these nucleases [15, 17, 64]

Bivalacqua TJ, Musicki B, Hsu LL, Berkowitz DE, Champion HC, Burnett AL

In particular, cocaine treatment in mice has been shown to cause a bidirectional loss of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens core, which is a defect in both LTP and LTD of excitatory synaptic transmission [114]

10.1021/pr4010986 8 ChenH