This work received support from the following sources: National Key R and D Program of China (2021YFC2501402 [to T.J.], 2022CSJGG1000 [to T.J.], 2019YFA0709501 [to T.J.], 2019YFA0709502 [to J.F.], 2018YFC1312900 [to T.J.] and 2018YFC1312904 [to J.F.]), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2122005 [to T.J.], 82150710554 [to G.S.] and 81801773 [to T.J.]), the Shanghai Pujiang Project (18PJ1400900 [to T.J.]), Guangdong Key Research and Development Project (2018B030335001 [to J.F.]), the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement-related behaviour in normal brain function and psychopathology) (LSHM-CT- 2007-037286 [to G.S.]), the 111 Project (B18015 [to J.F.]), the key project of Shanghai Science and Technology (16JC1420402 [to J.F.]), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01 [to J.F.]), Zhangjiang Lab [to J.F.], Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology [to J.F.], the European Research Area Network on Illicit Drugs (ERANID) (Understanding the Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways, PR-ST-0416-10004 [to G.S.]), Human Brain Project (HBP SGA 2, 785907, and HBP SGA 3, 945539 [to G.S.]), the Medical Research Council Grant c-VEDA (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions, MR/N000390/1 [to G.S.]), the National Institute of Health (NIH) (A decentralized macro and micro gene-by-environment interaction analysis of substance use behavior and its brain biomarkers, R01DA049238 [to G.S.]), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Kings College London, the Bundesministeriumfr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF grants 01GS08152
These substances are associated with a number of health problems, including heart disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases
Reactivity of the mPFC to smoking-related cues may reflect a decrease in the association between smoking-related cues and smoking itself and greater inhibition of smoking urges
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